Job analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Job analysis - Essay Example He or she will be required comprise files, respond to phone calls, process and review forms for alterations, maintain personal files, help the employees and clients, scrutinize payroll items and staff time, execute all personnel administrative functions, manage director’s calendar, type as required, deal with office mail, and any other assigned duties. The recruitment is from all areas because this will help identify the best candidate for the job. The recruitment will last for one month. This short period will only attract applicants who are qualified, competitive, and dedicated (Brannick & Levine, 2002). First, all applicants should be eligible to work in the country. The selection methods will include interviews and presentations. Interviews will provide the company with knowledge and first hand information about the suitability of the applicants. The applicants’ goals, philosophies and ambitions, should match the company’s. Interviews will give accurate and essential information on the applicants. Presentations will provide deep information on the applicants, as opposed to the materials like CVs. Presentations illustrate how the applicant will act in a work situation. It also gives an applicant a chance to display his or her ability (Torrington & Hall, 2005).   Cathy is thorough, competent, neat, and accurate. She ensures that all duties pertaining to the human resource department are accomplished in considerable time and can be accessed. She uses her time well and meets deadlines. She comprises files, responds to phone calls, processes and reviews forms for alterations, maintains personal files, helps the employees and clients, and performs any other assigned duties. Moreover, she understands the job concerns and procedures. Cathy is also cooperative and can work efficiently without supervision (Muchinsky, 2006). It is essential to invest in a job position that matches its own needs. A recruitment plan can be devised from ideas derived from similar

Vegetarianism Essay Example for Free

Vegetarianism Essay Our daily life routines mainly revolve around food and what are we going to eat. We wake up thinking about breakfast, lunch is a must, either at work or with friends, and of course dinner; the one thing we do not forget. Food and diets consume a lot of our thoughts. People nowadays are more aware of their health and habits. One of the types of diets that some follow is the vegetarian diet. Vegetarianism is mainly eating all types of food, but any animal related products. Vegetarians follow this kind of diet because they believe that killing animals to eat them cause many negative effects. The question here is, should people be vegetarian or not? Some are for and some are against this. However, in my opinion, I think people should not apply the vegetarian diet in their lives for more than one reason. Firstly, vegetarians’ main reason for their belief is that eating animals is killing them, and killing them is against animals’ right as animals feel fear before their death, which is unethical. However, eating meat is not unethical, it is the natural part of the cycle of life. Research shows that plants respond electrochemically to threats and may feel fear exactly as animals (D.Jensen, The Plants Respond: An Interview with Cleve Backster, The Sun, July 1997†¨). So, eating plants also lead to the threat of it, if they see it from this perspective. Every organism on earth exists for the sake of another organism. Secondly, some might think that vegetables and plants will save more food for hungry people rather than feeding them to the animals. Nevertheless, the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) stated that the world currently produces enough food for everybody, but many people do not have access to it. Therefore, it is not about the quantity of the food, it’s the way of distribution that causes the problem. Vegetarian diets can cause the death of animals too. To support this idea further, it was proven that about 52-77% of the animals, like rabbits and birds, get killed during the harvest process, they live in agriculture crop fields (S. Davis, 2003). Thus, cutting meats from your diet is not the solution. To wrap up, vegetarianism should not be a healthy habit for people. Animals are here for us to take advantage of, as well as plants and they are both living organisms. If you could live without both, then do it. At the end, they both feel and have emotions, so killing animals does not differ from killing plants. Moreover, it was proven that the hunger problem worldwide is the reason behind the availability of the food and not the quantity produced. Lastly, many other ways do kill animals, and cutting them from your diet will not protect them. I think people should not take vegetarianism as a life of style. Refrences: Derrick Jensen, The Plants Respond: An Interview with Cleve Backster, The Sun, July 1997 Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), Hunger: Frequently Asked Questions, www.fao.org (accessed Apr. 13, 2011) Steven L. Davis, The Least Harm Principle May Require That Humans Consume a Diet Containing Large Herbivores, Not a Vegan Diet, Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics, 2003 http://vegetarian.procon.org/#

Repression of Women in Euripides The Bacchae Essay -- Feminism Women

Repression of Women in Euripides' The Bacchae      Ã‚   Many different interpretations can be derived from themes in Euripides's The Bacchae, most of which assume that, in order to punish the women of Thebes for their impudence, the god Dionysus drove them mad. However, there is evidence to believe that another factor played into this confrontation. Because of the trend of male dominance in Greek society, women suffered in oppression and bore a social stigma which led to their own vulnerability in becoming Dionysus's target. In essence, the Thebian women practically fostered Dionysian insanity through their longing to rebel against social norms. Their debilitating conditions as women prompted them to search for a way to transfigure themselves with male qualities in order to abandon their social subordination.    According to research, the role of women in classical Greece was extremely limited. Men and women were segregated all over in the Greek society, even in the home (Source 9). Women were secluded in their homes to the point of not being able to leave their own quarters except on special religious occasions or as necessity dictated (Source 10). All women were tightly controlled and confined to the home to insure that their husbands were provided legitimate male heirs. Beyond this, women had no true value (Source 6). Clearly, male domination in Greek society was like enslavement to women. A marriage contract dated 92 B.C. can be located in Women's Life in Greece & Rome by Mary R. Lefkowitz and Maureen B. Fant which defines unacceptable behavior within the union of marriage. The document requires that both husband and wife be chaste within the context of the household, but although nothing prevents ... ...because their position in life made them more susceptible to this kind of delirium.    Works Cited Williams, C.K. The Bacchae of Euripides Faraone, Christopher A. Ancient Greek Love and Magic Http://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog/FARANC.html Gleason, Maud W. Making Men: Sophists and Self-Presentation in Ancient Rome Http://pup.princeton.edu/titles/5574.html Lefkowitz, Mary R. And Maureen B. Fant Women's Life in Greece & Rome http://uky.edu/ArtsSciences/Classics/wlgr/wlgr-greeklegal101.html Http://didaskalia.berkeley.edu/supplements/supp1/rabinowitz.html Http://novaonline.nv.cc.va.us/eli/eng251/agamemguide.html Http://pup.princeton.edu/titles/5665.html Http://www.classicnote.com/ClassicNotes/Titles/bacchae/themes.html Http://www.ifi.uio.no/~thomas/ai/ai03.txt Http://www.iwu.edu/~mblodget/hypergoddess.html   

Dangers of the Internet :: Internet Pornography

Surfing the Internet can truly be fun sometimes. Many times you don’t realize how long you been in there until you sign out and your server tell you that you have spent many hours surfing the net, either that or the sunshine begins to bug you. Yet there’s something that has began to bother me every time I surf the net. I feel that I just can’t trust anyone. People are using this way of communication to be free about anything .It scares me how it is so easy to create identities through the digital world of computers to surf the life of the Internet. I feel the evolution of computers is influencing our way of living and our lives. In Sherry Turkle’s article she tells us the different ways of creating games, alternate identities and lives people assume when they are "gaming" online as she calls it (456).Free speech , privacy, people sending you all kinds of stuff over the internet–porn for example I’m really tired of it! . All I know is that every time I check my Email box there are piles of messages coming up like â€Å"Are you Horny?† and many other that are so indecent to say. I feel that we are not protected from the internet. There must be a way to control these unwanted messages, because my block sender feature seems not to work. Calling Aol to change my password doesn’t either. What can we do? For me it is scary sometimes I’m not against technology at all but there must be a way that technology doesn’t take over. I always wonder how people sending pornographic web pages get our emails address, I assume that they probably steal or buy our information from Internet servers. I guess is it just like when you get junk mail from businesses that mail you advertisement from items you never inquire about. That sucks if people get their advertisement from stealing our addresses, or using â€Å"cookies† to store our information. I’m not really sure. I assume another probable way is picking at random which I think is odd because everyone I ask says that they are tired of getting unwanted messages. My cousin who’s 14 yrs. o lds gets dozens of messages a week. Not only are these kids getting messages but, they are being tricked into going to these pornographic web pages. How dangerous is that because who knows how many thousand or million children and teens are being exposed to that junk.

Waiting for Godot Major Themes

Ralph Waldo Emerson, famous literary writer, once inscribed, â€Å"Much of human life is lost in waiting† (Richardson, 24). Individuals cannot escape the waiting in daily life even if they wished so. Waiting is inscribed into society, from waiting for a bus ride, beverages at a favourite coffee house, items to be checked out at a grocery store or simply, arriving to a location too early for an occasion to occur. In Samuel Beckett’s legendary play Waiting for Godot, the main characters Estragon and Vladimir obsess about waiting for the mysterious individual Godot to arrive. From this waiting, scholars have created many literary analysis of the play the most persuasive being political, religious and existentialist in nature. The Cold War took place over decades, beginning in 1947 and concluding in 1991. The word cold is not only used in the title of this war, but also inscribed deeply into it. The war did not feature guns, bullets and soldiers, instead the war was fought aloofly between communist countries in things like sport events, propaganda and technological opposition. The Cold War appears as a metaphor for many scholars in Waiting for Godot. The characters hold a lot of emotion but never seem to really do anything with it, except discuss it at length. More than once the word nothing is used. There is often â€Å"nothing to do† (Beckett, 13) and â€Å"nothing to show† (Beckett, 4) and the character’s world stays the same. Scholars also point to the play as being Marxist in nature. Godot is the Capitalist full of power and who separates himself from the working class, the other characters are the working class, without personal purpose or goals. Pozzo and Lucky serve as an example of the Marxism analysis as well, Pozzo illustrating that to the Capitalist to labour. â€Å"Pozzo is blind to what is happening around him and Lucky is mute to protest his treatment† (Hutching, 68) serves as evidence of this relationship. Political interpretations abound in this play as do religious ones. The character in which the play focuses on yet never makes an actual appearance is Godot. It is imperative for the religious examination of the play to note that the root word of Godot is God. Perhaps this is what spun the belief that Godot is a representation of God. Religious references are apparent in the play right from the beginning. Estragon asks Vladimir what he wishes from Godot and offers as a suggestion in his probing â€Å"A kind of prayer? † to which Vladimir replies â€Å"Precisely† (Beckett, 14). Estragon and Vladimir discuss religion and specific bible passages during their wait. For example, they speak about a biblical reference of two thieves. â€Å"Our Saviour. Two thieves. One is supposed to †¦ have been saved and the other . . . he searches for the contrary of saved) . . . damned† Vladimir states and when Estragon asks what the thief is saved from, Vladimir responds â€Å"Hell† (Beckett, 64). It is interesting to note that in the bible passage, both thieves are saved from hell and like the thieves, Estragon and Vladimir wish to be saved from what Estragon later claims is â€Å"hell† (Beckett, 89). God and Godot also share a physical attribute; both have beards. Lucky states that Godot has a â€Å"white beard† (Beckett, 43) and later, the character of the boy offers that Godot also has a beard. Beckett frequently disappeared â€Å"into a trance† (Knowlson, 401) when writing and many followers of the religious analysis have accepted this as evidence that Beckett was unaware of his attentions, thus influenced by a â€Å"higher power† (Knowlson, 232). Strong appointments to this are those who see the play as Existentialist in nature. Existentialism, as defined by Oxford English Dictionary is, â€Å"The individual's unique position as a self-determining agent responsible for the authenticity of his or her choices. † The central idea of existentialism is that humans are accountable for designing, implementing and adhering to their own destiny. Thus, destiny is not God made, it is person made. Estragon and Vladimir have decided to stay in the dreary physical setting of isolation and containment. Estragon seems to offer readers a deeper thought process then his quiet and reliant friend Vladimir. Vladimir states, â€Å"All I know is that the hours are long, †¦ under these conditions, and constrain us to beguile them with proceedings which – how shall I say – which may at first sight seem reasonable, until they become a habit†¦ you follow my reasoning? † (Beckett, 91). This quote is powerful, suggesting that filling one’s day with actions just to pass time such as removing a boot as Estragon did, is suitable for a short period but unacceptable for a long course of time. Although he states this, Vladimir does not leave the scene. Pozzo and Lucky, two of the three only people Estragon and Vladimir have contact with, have a slave and master relationship, but neither chooses to step outside this, instead the two characters grow deeply dependant on one another. Vladimir and Estragon go as far as to contemplate suicide, but do not proceed to do so. Thus, all the characters in Waiting for Godot, could live an altered life, with enhanced opportunities, but choose to stay frozen in the dark. under these conditions, and constrain us to beguile them with proceedings which – how shall I say – which may at first sight seem reasonable, until they become a habit. You may say it is to prevent our reason from foundering. No doubt. But has it not long been straying in the night without end of the abyssal depths? Academics have long linked Waiting for Godot and Beckett himself, to the existential movement. The greatest argument followers of the theory have is that Beckett never discloses Godot being a symbol of God, instead, he greatly declined the claim stating â€Å"that if by Godot I had meant God I would [have] said God, and not Godot† (Knowlson, 412). â€Å"Waiting is painful. Forgetting is painful. But not knowing which to do is the worse type of suffering†, Paulo Coelho, celebrated Brazilian author wrote. The internal and external suffering which Estragon and Vladimir seem spellbound in is dreadful yet alluring in the same instant. Dreadful because the characters and audience wait for relief and alluring because they are enticed about what could be but is not. The waiting in Waiting for Godot has long stood as a secrecy requiring solving and the theories of politics, existentialism and religion offer convincing analyses to this literary puzzle. No one but Beckett himself and perhaps not even him, comprehend the genuine significance of this play, thus, like Estragon and Vladimir, scholars and audiences alike are caught waiting for a conclusion that may never arrive.

8 Benefits to Start a Homework Writers Career

8 Benefits to Start a Homework Writers Career 8 Benefits to Start a Homework Writers Career We feel your pain. This is a lot harder than you thought it would be, isn’t it? You want to achieve stunning grades in your classes, but you also need to work as much as you can to finance your education at the same time. So you’re a burning candle at both ends. What if you could combine your studies with a lucrative career succeeding in your classes and at your job at the same time? Consider starting a career as a homework writer. Here are some of the benefits that you will gain: 1. Convenience Even work-study jobs require at least a minimal commute eating up your valuable time. But homework writers can do their job from the comfort of their own apartments or dorms. Imagine coming home from the university and being able just to sit down at your desk and earn some cash. 2. Flexible Schedule Did you oversleep this morning? Or do you have a test to study for the whole night? No worries; it won’t impact your work schedule. You can choose your hours and work when it’s convenient for you. 3. Building a Professional Reputation The fact is that you are a research and paper-writing expert. Once you’ve gained a few clients, buzzes about your expertise will spread around the campus. This can help you especially if you are considering the education field for future employment. 4. Earning Extra Money As a college student, you have many things to budget, so at times it is quite hard to make ends meet. Wouldn’t it be great to have extra money on hand for entertainment, food, and tuition fees? A little extra spending cash would definitely relieve some of your worries. 5. Gaining New Knowledge and Skills Why do college instructors assign homework papers in the first place? It’s because the completion of these tasks helps you learn more and improves your knowledge. So just imagine how knowledgeable you will become if you are completing not just your own assignments, but those of your clients as well. You can acquire learning in a variety of areas, and will therefore be able to converse intelligently about everything from social science to math, from literature to medicine. That well-rounded intelligence will make you very appealing to future employers. 6. Gaining Experience Any employment gives you something to add to the â€Å"work experience† section of your resume. You will have a distinct advantage over those who have never had a job, or even those who just worked as a dishwasher or a store clerk. 7. The Opportunity to Help People Your clients are struggling students, just like you. You have the opportunity to make their lives just a little bit better and easier. You are reducing their stress by offering help when they need it. 8. Getting to Know Different People College is supposed to be the time for meeting new people and building friendships. But often students find themselves under such stringent demands that they just don’t have time to seek out new acquaintances. As a smart homework writer, you will meet a lot of students. Your world will become a richer place for getting to know international students, mature students with jobs and families, and those from low-income backgrounds. These are people that you might never get to meet otherwise. Becoming a homework writer can expand your horizon and opportunities in many ways. So, go ahead and embrace the opportunity.

Research Design Example

Research Design Example Research Design – Coursework Example The article on cloud computing: Today and Tomorrow by Wom Kim available on http www.jot.fm, this journal is historical because the researcher did historical source such as official document and files. Historians base their research on primary and secondary sources which Wom Kim used in the article. The article also looks at how technology has developed up to the cloud computing aspect. The researcher also wants to find out the past practices in technology which explains where we are and the next step we are going to or the future. Historical research also looks at changes and perspectives which is the case in this journal. These article is also descriptive because observational method and surveys on the types and techniques of Cloud computing and the best services offered by different companies. The studies looked at the opinion of the users of the services. Correlational research is a research that is based on collecting of data on multiple variables and correlating these to exam if there is any relationship. The main aim is to discover the relationship between the variables. There are several services under investigation in the article and relate the services of one product to another. The vendors of various platforms for cloud computing are also compared among other issues to find out if there is any relationship. The study looks at the relationship between security of service and the services demand on the market. Experimental research is a design in the research where the researcher is looking at the technical issues in cloud computing. There are two groups therefore those using cloud computing services and those that are not using these service. The cause of the technical issues in cloud computing are under investigation. Quasi-experimental is in the research design because the researcher looks at the possible problems that cause technical issues among other issues in the study. Evaluation is where the researcher has evaluated the cloud computing technolo gy, it’s operation the effectiveness of the technology among other issues. While the researcher has made observations on the services and how it is offered and accessed hence observational research design. References Won Kim, 2009, Cloud Computing: Today and Tomorrow, Journal of Object Technology, ETH Zurich, available on jot.fm.

Aphrodite essays

Aphrodite essays "Muse, tell me the deeds of golden Aphrodite the Cyprian, who stirs up sweet passion in the gods and subdues the tribes of mortal men and birds that fly in air and all the many creatures that the dry land rears, and all that the sea: all these love the deeds of rich-crowned Cytherea." (Hom.Hym.5.5) Aphrodite was beautiful. She was often depicted with flowers and vegetation surrounding her golden aura, representing her connection with fertility. According to the poet Hesiod, Aphrodite was one of the twelve Olympians. The literal meaning of her name is foam born, as she was born from the sea foam that surrounded the immortal flesh, which was the result of the castration of Kronos (Theogony 190). That explains why the Renaissance artist Botticelli depicted her on a giant scallop shell. The Theogony is just one explanation of her creation, which she was born from Kronos alone, and not from a sexual union. As a result she is "characterized as the goddess of pure love that has its end not [at] physical satisfaction but [at] spiritual gratification (CCM)." In contrast to the Theogynys explanation, Homer, who is most famous for the Odyssey and Iliad, tells of her birth as the result of the relations between Zeus and Dione; thus connecting her as the "goddess of sex and procreator of children, whose concerns are of the body and not of the mind, the spirit or the soul (CCM)". These different myths of her creation are just the beginning of the many discrepancies throughout her eternal existence. In Rome, the goddess Venus, was primarily the patroness of vegetable gardens. It was not until the end of the third century B.C., when the cult of Aphrodite began, that Venus took on Aphrodites attributes and legends. Aphrodite is celebrated most predominately in Cyprus where according to the Theogony, she was origionally found. Her most famous cults on Cyprus were within Paphos and Amathus, where she was worshipped for sexual reproduction; ...

Proposal paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Proposal paper - Essay Example ncreasingly explored if and how the Internet develops or impairs social skills development (Engelberg & Sjà ¶berg, 2004) and psychological health (Campbell, Cumming, & Hughes, 2006; Titov et al., 2008). Previous studies showed mixed results on the impact of Internet use on children, adolescents, and young adults. On the one hand, several researchers showed that high Internet usage can lead to Internet addiction, which can consequently contribute to the formation of poor social skills and adjustment (Engelberg & Sjà ¶berg 2004), including bullying behaviors (Schoffstall & Cohen, 2011), depression, and loneliness (Kim, LaRose, & Peng, 2009). On the other hand, other researchers learned from their studies that Internet usage can be constructively used to develop better social skills (Campbell et al., 2006; Titov et al., 2008), while other scholars observed from their study that the purposes of Internet usage can impact social skills development and psychological welfare (Ceyhan, 2011; Kim et al., 2009). However, these researchers have not examined how Internet use can lead to positive or negative effects on social skills. In particular, they have not examined if only certain uses of the Internet and Internet usage duration contribute to poor social skills and psychological health (i.e. using it mainly for entertainment or socializing with strangers), and if gender and age impact these positive/negative outcomes. The purpose of this paper is to review the research on the positive and negative effects of high Internet usage/purposes on social skills, and to provide support for the gap in literature that will spur further research. Do certain purposes of using the Internet and duration of Internet usage positively or negatively affect social skills? The independent variables are Internet usage and purposes of Internet usage, as well as gender and age, while the dependent variables are social skills. For the age levels, grades three to four are considered as young

Analysis of how & why I formed my view about one issue to do with Essay

Analysis of how & why I formed my view about one issue to do with equality - Essay Example Although there are provisions that would benefit learners with disability, the move for equality in education did not quite reach the expectations of the disabled people and their families especially in the equal distribution of quality education, specifically on adjusted treatment of teachers and peer acceptance and government assistance. Prevalence of Disabled People in Education in the United Kingdom Quality education remains to be one of the existing challenges for learners with special needs. Chapter 3 of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization’s (UNESCO) monitoring paper explores the international perspective of the problem and contends that present educational systems failed to address the needs of the marginalized, especially for the disabled, of quality education (UNESCO, 2010). In the United Kingdom, the Department for Education initiated the SEN or the Special Education Needs to meet a diverse population of disabled people. Between the y ears 2005 and 2006, the population of learners with disability rose considerably, where a 6% raise was recorded by the Office for Disability Issues. Although the record is already relatively high, this is not enough to conclude that discrimination among these people does not exist. As what Barnes (1991, p. 28) argues, discrimination against the disabled people is a fact in the present educational system. Discrimination against Disabled People in Education A common thought persists that education is supposed to be an area in which people can be equal regardless of their status, gender, or abilities, that individuals have the right to achieve educational success; however, this might just be the contrary to what the real scenario suggests. Discrimination, especially for the disabled individuals is prevalent at any educational levels despite the laws forbidding it. Tracing the history of education in the United Kingdom, it is clear that the disabled population were the least of the conc erns of the government. In the book by Barnes (1991, p. 29), it is stated that the Education Act of 1944 upheld â€Å"equality of education† for all its citizens but â€Å"the idea of equality, however, did not extend to children with impairments.† The idea brings the thought that mainstream education was at the time an absolute standard. The ‘equality for all in education’ scheme called for segregation of disabled and ‘subnormal’ learners from the normal learning class. Fortunately, the Education Act of 1981 provided broader opportunities for children with special needs. Not only that the provision guided the disabled people for better and broader educational opportunities but also emphasized the roles of some professions, directly or indirectly helping special children (Barnes, 1991, p. 34). Through inclusion system, the disabled individual is provided an opportunity to be involved in the mainstream classroom. Educational inclusion is an â⠂¬Å"action to remove barriers to participation in learning† (Anon., n.d.), which follows that learners with impairments are actually included in the standard classrooms. This would provide them the chance to interact with ‘normal’ learners, and serve as a practice for future involvement in the workforce. This may be a sound goal for the Department for Education but Abrams (2004) did not believe that

Food District Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Food District - Essay Example ries where its existence is very high and will be the central theme of discussion in the paper. Hawker centers in Singapore- Cost effective yet satisfying Hawker Centres are an outdoor version of food courts and the difference between two of them is that food courts are not air conditioned and the prices of the food in the hawker center is lower than the price of the foods in the food courts. But they both maintain standard hygienic rules and non smoking ban rule. The hawker center of Singapore offers multi ethnic cooking at its best. Whether it is a dish of noodles which costs around $ 3 or $ 20 for a three course meal of barbequed fish, chilli prawns and fried rice with vegetables the price is much lower than the restaurant. Apart from the cost effective food the atmosphere of the hawker provides a great reminder of city with its food crazy ambience. The celebrity chef Anthony Bourdain who stated about the street foods that, â€Å"I love the hawker centers. The whole style of casu al eating here is sensational†(Local food and drinks in Singapore, 2012). Exploration into the Singapore hawker centers The system of ordering the meal in the hawker centers is unique. If the persons ordering be in a group then one person has to sit at a table to chope which means reserving seats for the party. It is also a fact that anybody might not get surprised if they see seats covered with bags or pockets of tissue paper placed on them. The sign indicates that the seats have been already reserved. The persons who notice the table numbers must be ordering their food and shall tell the stall owner the table number in which they will be seated. If a person is single then he or she can share a table with the strangers. One of the most popular hawker food centers in Singapore is China Town Food Street. The stalls in this area offer a wide array of Chinese favorites ranging from wonton noodles to that of roasted meals. The basement of area is highly famous for producing a mark et which is highly worth exploring. The area also includes live fish, poultry as well as all manners of Asian vegetables. One of the busiest stalls in the area is Xian restaurant. The stall is known for its magnificent mutton kebab cooked in Xi’an style with cumin and chilli powder. I have personally interviewed the customers of the place about the food and the consulted with the hawkers. The interview with the customers state that the flat cut noodles are so so. Interviews also reveal that the noodles are exceptionally long and are highly difficult in handling. Some people say that the roast rack of lambs is disappointing and the stir fried potatoes with green chillies are good but they are not exceptional. From the overall estimations of the interview process with the customers’ state that the place is famous for its honest cooking and the special mutton kebabs is the most unique extravaganza. The hawkers here are trying heart out in satisfying the taste

Employee Involvement, Employee Programs in Organization Performance Case Study

Employee Involvement, Employee Programs in Organization Performance - Case Study Example As such, Gual and Ricart point out that employee involvement should be a platform where employer and employee are anticipated play roles that are designed to improve the organization performance at all levels. In the study conducted by Podsakoff et al., the actual ideas in employee involvement revolves around getting individuals to contribute in most aspects of work decisions and planning since when involved, they feel emotionally attached to the organisation. As a result, when employee increases mental ownership and commitment, the employer is able to retain the handpicked performing employees and there is fostered environment where people prefer being motivated and contributing. Apparently, an investigation carried out by Dunlop and Lee illustrates the concept of employee involvement as one comprising of three sub concepts necessary in mending gaps that might exist between employee involvement and organization performance. These aspects comprise of employee commitment, employment satisfaction, and organizational citizen behavior. Firstly, it is worth noting that employment satisfaction is mostly influenced by what people expect from their work places such as pay, prestige, security and performance. In this regard, it is the employer’s mandate to guarantee that the employee receives both intrinsic and extrinsic employment satisfaction. Secondly, there should be employee commitment particularly in the work they have been assigned.

Transition services in special education Coursework

Transition services in special education - Coursework Example Transition services normally coordinated and designed within an outcome-oriented process that aims at promoting movement from school towards post-school life activities. These activities are usually based on the needs, preferences and interests of the students. They include the activities needed in the following areas: related services of disabilities, instructions, experiences in the community, daily living skills acquisition when appropriate, functional vocational evaluation and the development of employment and other living objectives of adult post-school life. The transition services are important in offering students with disabilities hope for their future. The community resources and agencies provide students with disability with adequate knowledge, and education can be tailored to the goals and strength of the students to providing the options and plans for the future life. It is not just enough to simply be aware that students with disabilities are in need of guidance to successfully transition themselves from high school life to the next stage of young adulthood life. Bold steps need to be taken to offer guidance and prepare the teenagers for college life and their future careers, as well as independent lives. Without such guidance in place, students with disabilities, more so learning disabilities, often fail during their high school life and beyond. All special education students regardless of the disability severity between the ages of sixteen (16) to twenty-one (21) years qualifies for transition services and must have transition components in their Individualized Education Plan (Pennsylvania Department of Education, Education Law Center, 2007). Planning in most cases begins from the age of sixteen (16) years, or when appropriate, as early as fourteen years of age. The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) requires the first Individualized Education Plan to be implemented once the student reaches sixteen (16) years of

Employee Involvement, Employee Programs in Organization Performance Case Study

Employee Involvement, Employee Programs in Organization Performance - Case Study Example As such, Gual and Ricart point out that employee involvement should be a platform where employer and employee are anticipated play roles that are designed to improve the organization performance at all levels. In the study conducted by Podsakoff et al., the actual ideas in employee involvement revolves around getting individuals to contribute in most aspects of work decisions and planning since when involved, they feel emotionally attached to the organisation. As a result, when employee increases mental ownership and commitment, the employer is able to retain the handpicked performing employees and there is fostered environment where people prefer being motivated and contributing. Apparently, an investigation carried out by Dunlop and Lee illustrates the concept of employee involvement as one comprising of three sub concepts necessary in mending gaps that might exist between employee involvement and organization performance. These aspects comprise of employee commitment, employment satisfaction, and organizational citizen behavior. Firstly, it is worth noting that employment satisfaction is mostly influenced by what people expect from their work places such as pay, prestige, security and performance. In this regard, it is the employer’s mandate to guarantee that the employee receives both intrinsic and extrinsic employment satisfaction. Secondly, there should be employee commitment particularly in the work they have been assigned.

Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 78

Essay Example To begin with, there is the creation of employment opportunities resulting from activities brought by hydro industry. Thus in turn brings income, generates tax, and some time due to the effects healthcare centers are built to cater for those affected health wise. However, the mining activities cause resettlement, loss of land previously used for cultivation. There is also an element on economies of various countries in which the hydros are found given the high number of employees both temporary and contractual. Aluminum plants activities in various countries are believed to have indirect impacts as a result of investments in the sector and the operation of the particular plant. The inve4stmentws are huge and in billions of pounds and dollars plus the dependence of operations on lamp sum of raw materials, energy and goods and services. These activities including taxes, production and consumption out of these activities create external employment. Given the hydro’s in the supply chain consume a lot of energy, raw materials and other accompanying services, her operation create business opportunities as there are many suppliers to deliver the requirements . Here systems are place to ensure suppliers are monitored at any given time. There are also cases of restrictions formation of trade unions mandated to influence the work situations of employees especially in china but most countries give allowance for formation of trade unions. There are adverse social and economic effects in the glass manufacture industry. Firstly the employees are reported to have committed suicide several times as a result of minimal wages which is not enough form the employers to use in settling rent arrears and at the same time spend on their families back in the villages. Instances of high demand for new products made out of glass can some time cause challenges. For instance, every time an iphone model is released into the market there is always high demand for the product given

South America Essay Example for Free

South America Essay South America is a continent composed of twelve countries and one French colony. The Spanish-speaking countries are: Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Paraguay, Peru, and Venezuela. The former colonies of Guyana and Suriname use English and Dutch, respectively, as their official languages, although many in their populations speak relatively same languages. The same can be said for the French colony of Guiana, the home of the cayenne pepper, where French is the official language. The geography of South America is even more varied than that of North America, with long coastlines, lowlands, highlands and mountains, and tropical rain forests. The climate varies from tropical, lying as it does across the Equator, to alpine in the high Andes, the backbone of it. The cuisine of South America reflects this rich diversity of culture and geography. The local cookeries of pre-Columbian South America have gradually come together with imported cuisines from Europe and Asia. While the Spanish and Portuguese explorers introduced their own culinary traditions to the native peoples of South America, indigenous ingredients changed the cuisines of the Old World. The South American contributions included chocolate, vanilla, maize which is corn, hot peppers called aji in South America, guavas, sweet potatoes, manioc called cassava in South America, tomatoes, potatoes, avocados, beans, squash, peanuts, quinine, and papayas, as well as turkeys. Maize plays a key role in the cuisine of South America, and it is clearly different from the maize now grown in the Old World, grown mostly obvious in its larger kernels. The potato is another vegetable indigenous to South America that has played an important role in cooking worldwide. There are also many vegetables in South America largely unknown beyond the continent, including ahipa, arracacha, maca, yacon, olluco, and oca. The demographics of South America are critical for understanding the diversity of its cuisines. In countries like Bolivia, Ecuador, and Peru, the indigenous populations are most common, and their foods and food ways are the most important cuisines. In Argentinas the cuisine was heavily influenced by a large European immigration by Spaniards and Italians. Throughout South America, there is also an African influence due to the slave trade, which has added to the culinary mix. Venezuela was discovered in 1498 by Columbus when he found the mouth of the Orinoco River. In 1499 the Venezuelan coast was explored by Alonzo de Ojeda and Amerigo Vespucci. Vespucci, coming upon an island in the Gulf of Maracaibo, called it Venezuela because, according to legend, the native villages were built above the water on stilts. Venezuela rises from lowlands to highlands with coffee plantations moving up to the white-capped Andean peaks. It has a mild climate due to its nearness to the Caribbean. Caracas, Venezuelas capital, is the cultural, commercial, and industrial activity. Now I will tell you some local dishes that are known in Venezuela. Venezuelan cuisine relies heavily on maize. The two most important preparations are hallacas and arepas. Hallacas traditionally eaten during holidays, especially Christmas, boiled dumplings wrapped in banana leaves, but there are so many variations, depending on region and family tradition. Hallacas are made with a dough made of maize flour mixed with water, which is then filled with meat, vegetables, and spices. Arepas are versatile flatbreads, also made of maize flour, that can be baked, grilled, fried, or steamed and served either sweet or savory. Black beans, called caviar criollo, are a Venezuelan favorite. They are served with arepas and are also part of the national dish, pabellon caraqueno. A hearty dish, it is said to resemble the national flag, pabellon, because of the colors of the beef, beans, rice, and plantains in it. Arequipe, milk pudding is milk cooked with sugar until very thick, is a favorite dessert in Venezuela, as it is throughout South America. It has different names in different places, but is perhaps best known in the United States as dulce de leche. The traditional beverages of Venezuela are chicha, made of stirred up maize, and masato. The second largest nation in South America, Argentina extends from the subtropics to Tierra del Fuego. Although now a separate country, Argentina was once part of the Viceroyalty of the Rio de la Plata, the River Plate with Uruguay. The pampas are primarily cattle country and famous for ranching and farming, but this fertile land also produces good crops and fine wine. Here are some local dishes from Argentina. Finger foods are very popular and are served in cafes, called whiskerias, that evolved from tea shops. Empanadas, stuffed pies, are popular throughout South America, and in Argentina they come in various sizes and are eaten as hors doeuvres, for light lunches, or with cocktails. One popular filling combines meat and fruit. I hope you learned a lot about South America. Here are some delicious recipes from South America. Couve a Mineira Shredded Kale AMOUNT INGREDENT 2lbs fresh kale 1/4cup olive oil or bacon fat 1/2cuponions 1/4inch dice 1garlic clove, minced to tastesalt and pepper PROCEDURE 1. Trim blemishes and tough stems from kale leaves. rinse thoroughly under running water. 2. layer leaves on top of eachother and slice crosswise into very thin strips. 3. heat oil over medium high heat, add onions and garlic and cook 3 to 5 minutes until softened 4. add kale and cook about 5 to 7minutes stirring often until kale is softened but not discolored or browned Season to taste. Aji Criollo Creole hot pepper salsa AMOUNT INGREDENT 4RED OR GREEN SERRANOS OR JALAPENO PEPPERS SEEDED AND MINCED 6TWATER 1/2t SALT 1/4CUPGREEN ONION WHIT PART ONLY MINCED 2TCILANTRO OR PARSLEY LEAVES MINCED PROCEDURE 1. COMBINE PEPPERS, 2 TABLESPOONS WATER AND SALT PIRE IN BLENDER 2. COMBINE PURE WITH GREEN ONION CILANTRO AND REMAINING WATER AND MIX WELL THIS IS BEST SERVED THE SAME DAY MADE.

Ethical Issues Of Genetic Enhancement In Humans Philosophy Essay

Ethical Issues Of Genetic Enhancement In Humans Philosophy Essay While genetic engineering is not a topic that is discussed often in the public realm, genetic research and technology is moving forward at an insane pace. Genetics are now found to show massive improvement in a wide array of areas including: manufacturing and materials, energy, species restoration and management, food and agriculture industries, forestry, and pest control. The most controversial use of genetics, and the focus of this paper, is on human genetic intervention. In the case of genetic treatment used to prevent or cure genetic diseases, the procedure is appropriate and ethically moral. However, in the case of genetic enhancement and the concept of designer babies, any procedure is unethical. A line must be drawn between the definition of genetic enhancement and genetic treatment and with both cases, the invasion and risks to the mother of the child should also be considered. Efforts should be focused on social engineering to improve the behavioral aspects that are the targ et of genetic enhancement advocators. The possibilities of genetic engineering are quite limitless, which is scary if those who are able to do so begin to manipulate all aspects of nature and humanity through science. Yet there are truly some beneficial genetic techniques used not regarding human life that would and do improve many aspects of this earth. In their article Genetic Engineering Could Benefit Society, Joseph F. Coates, John B. Mahaffie, and Andy Hines discuss many of these benefits. For example, some researchers are working to develop a microorganism that would be useful in converting crop wastes into biomass energy while others are boosting plants that have higher yields and better resistance to disease and other conditions. Insects carrying diseases will likely be targeted through genetic technologies and the deadly disease malaria may ultimately be eliminated (176-177). A lot of genetic engineering studies for human use are performed on animals, but animals also serve as a target for their own genetic modification purposes. Designer animals can be enhanced in a similar way to humans for food production, recreation, and pet purposes. Livestock can be customized for increased growth, shortened gestation, and greater nutritional value. In order for animals to withstand rough environments, transgenic animals are being created, which share genes of two or more species (Coates, Mahaffie, and Hines 176). Studies should be done on the ethics of manipulating animals through genetics before further interventions are performed. Before even exploring the ethics of using genetic engineering to enhance or treat humans, current technologies and the reality of genetic modification regarding risks and success should be discussed. In her article Genetic Engineering Could be Dangerous, Susan Wright explains that the human body tends to reject anything foreign, so at this point, its not even probable genetic procedures in humans will work effectively and with little risk (188). Stephen A. Phillips discusses some current studies in his article Human Germline Genetic Enhancement and C.S. Lewiss the Abolition of Man As far as success, animals that are producing genetically modified embryos for study are producing mainly defective embryos and very few embryos survive to produce the viable genetically modified animals. This study will help with the modification of humans, but in order to prevent the birth of children with serious defects, human embryos would need to be tested before implantation and those that are defect ive would need to be destroyed. Not only does the conflict greatly with the high moral values placed on human embryos, but the subjects used would have to be followed for their entire lifetime, as well as their descendants lifetimes (Phillips 118-119). Genetic intervention at this point is focused on two possible paths. Somatic cell modifications would impact only the individual being treated while the path of germline modifications actually change the genome of an individual and their descendents (Phillips 118). Gregory Stock and John H. Campbell look in-depth at the latter path in Engineering the Human Germline: An Exploration of the Science and Ethics of Altering the Genes We Pass to Our Children. Germline modifications include injecting genes into a fertilized egg, which extends gene therapy to the germline and automatically introduces genetic changes into every cell of the body without having to intervene in each cell individually (Stock and Campbell 9). In the article, A Not-so-new Eugenics, R. Sparrow presents another technology, preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD), which allows parents to discover the genetics of the embryos they have created by way of in vitro fertilization. They can then choose which embryo to implant into a womans womb and try to bring to term. PGD is currently widely used as powerful technique to prevent birth of children with severe disabilities, but this process involves choosing which people are born, instead of enhancing the traits of existing persons. (Sparrow 33). Gene-based pharmaceuticals can be used as treatments as well, which may use antisense DNA to block the body from transmitting genetic instructions for a disease process. Future therapies would allow genes to be removed, turned off, or blocked, with healthy replacement genes able to be directly inserted into fetuses or administered through injection, inhalation, retroviruses, or pills (Coates, Mahaffie, and Hines 180). Suppose that genetic modification becomes widely efficient, successful, and uncostly- if that day comes, then it is critical to draw a line between genetic enhancement and genetic treatment and ban the former, but allow the latter. While most people see the distinction between the two, it is still hard to define. An attempt at defining the difference states that genetic enhancement involves modifications that are not for the purpose of treating or preventing diseases (Phillips 119). Some issues arise in separating these definitions, however. Alcoholism, for example, can be classified as a disease, which would, following my previous suggestion, would be legal and moral to genetically treat. However, some view alcoholism as a choice, not a disease, meaning that to prevent this through modification would be an enhancement not a treatment. Examples of enhancements often used include height, musical talent, athletic ability, and honesty. Genetic intervention in humans is not all bad. When it is used to treat or prevent life-threatening or severely life-altering diseases it is ethical and practical. An estimate for the year 2025 shows almost 2,000 single gene diseases completely eliminated. Genetic predisposition diseases, such as cancer, are also estimated to be cut in half by 2025. Eliminating genetic diseases such as Alzheimers could take centuries through natural selection but only decades through genetic manipulation (Coates, Mahaffie, and Hines 175-177). Health professionals are ultimately estimated to identify, treat, and prevent 4,000 or more genetic diseases and disorders. These diagnostics include both specific diseases such as Down Syndrome AND behavioral dispositions, such as depression (Coates, Mahaffie, and Hines 180). Behavioral dispositions are another thin line to draw, because I wouldnt consider them life-threatening or necessarily harmful. My diagnosed depression has made me who I am today and I can t imagine not having that behavioral disposition, but others with anxiety, attention deficit disorder, and more, may find it a huge impairment to their life. To examine the ethics of genetic enhancement is to examine the issues with genetic engineering and decide for ones self whether those issues are ethically incorrect. Dov Fox introduces a study in his article that 70% of American respondents disapprove of the use of safe technologies to select for non-disease traits in human offspring, so there is clearly some widespread issues preventing support for genetic enhancement (Fox 174). First of all, genetic modifications will be expensive and unequally distributed. This gives additional advantages to the rich and further disadvantages the poor, widening the gap between the rich and poor to an insurmountable division (Phillips 119). Some argue that this is not so different from the expensive and currently widely accepted environmental enhancements like college test preparation and private musical training (Fox 175). I argue that these environmental enhancements are increasingly less expensive and available to all through school systems, soc ial services, and mentors. The financial gap for genetic enhancement, on the other hand, would be hard to close. This issue is lesser in genetic treatment because treatment for disease already is known to be expensive. Those with permanently ill or diseased children must pay large sums for treatment, so genetic technology does not change that factor. An important question raised is whether those who would attempt to enhance human abilities by genetic modification should be trusted with that power. A very elite group of geneticists would suddenly be the shapers of humanity. There has to be some estimate or criteria of virtue and wisdom one would require to even want to be put in this demanding, high-stress position (Phillips 119). The issue of personal identity arises commonly in discussing bioethics. Genetically modified individuals would be de-natured, and their capacities to pursue the truth, build relationships, and preserve their health would be obstructed (Murphy 196). Ones knowledge of having emerged from someone elses design would lead to feelings of genetic confinement as well. Genetically modified people may be confined to a project or pursuit they may have little passion about, or they may not consider themselves as free to shape their dominant values and ends. Some argue that this is irrelevant because its not like the child could have chosen for themselves who or what they wanted to be (Fox 176), but that is a weak argument. Many designed children would have severe conflict with religious beliefs and being created in the image of God for his purposes. Others may have nonreligious issues with destiny and self-discovery that was altered by their parents choices. Still others argue that the personal identity crisis can be avoided by way of fertility clinicians advising parents to not disclose the genetic enhancement to their children, so the children never know (Fox 176). That proposed solution encourages lying to children, which could lead to not only confusion and pain for the children, but a lifetime of deep burden for parents to bear. Human bodies are furthermore like the product of an engineering genius- each one a delicately balanced, completed, well-functioning masterpiece. There is no evidence that these delicately integrated natural bodily powers will take kindly to such impositions (Powell and Buchanan 7). After all, like that familiar car, whose design shows the touch of an intelligent maker, so are the systems built into living creatures also wonders of design (Richards 103). Humans are not just animals that respond instinctively to our appetites. We are actual objective beings capable of perceiving how things ought to be and conforming ourselves to that reality (Phillips 115). It is a shame to take intricate beings and discuss or treat them as non-complex objects meant to be controlled and manipulated. Talents and abilities are sometimes personified as a natural lottery, with those not born with many talents or abilities as victims of the natural lottery. In this frame of mind, using genetic engineering to raise intelligence or increase talents of these victims would be to compensate for their lack of luck in the natural lottery (Holtug 139). Some also suggest that as long as individuals have the choice of whether- and how- to use genetic technologies, then its okay (Sparrow 32). However, the individuals that are making the choices of how to use the genetic technologies are making it for their children, so the decision is not that of the child itself, its the decision of the parents. And in that case, genetic technologies are not ethical, period. An issues arises in the invasion of the mothers body and the risks associated with her compared to the benefits of the child (Hammond 165). Its easy to consider treatment cases of little invasion and great benefit as ethical, but it gets tricky when the procedure is highly-invasive to the mother yet there are clear benefits for the child. A woman may prefer to avoid pain, inconvenience, expense and risks of a medical procedure as well as the emotional ordeal of undergoing a procedure. This may compromise her moral, religious or superstitious beliefs as well, which could cause her long-term suffering and adversely affect her relationship with her child (Hammond 166). This tough conflict between mother and child risks and benefits would have to be evaluated case by case for ethical solutions. Those who favor genetic enhancements provide some disturbing reasons and opinions. Some claim that parents are morally obliged to pursue enhancements or to produce the best children possible (Sparrow 33). Yes, these are common expectations regarding parenting, but to incorporate gene therapy as part of these expectations is taking it to the next level, especially when gene therapy is still very new and very risky. Furthermore, some pessimists worry about elders being warehoused in communities or homes for the genetically impaired (Coates, Mahaffie, and Hines 180). Even the consideration of labeling those born naturally and unique without genetic modification as genetically impaired is disturbing. Genetic enhancement can be classified as behavioral or physical. Physical enhancement is not ethical in that each person was created the way they are for a reason. If it becomes possible to genetically modify height, eye color, and more, then humans will become more and more alike. Individuality will ultimately be completely eliminated and mankind truly will become robots, living in uniform. For those who believe that people with physical inferior qualities have a disadvantage because they are looked down upon, the proposed solution should focus on social engineering to teach people to be less judgmental and less biased as opposed to genetic engineering. Behavioral enhancement, first of all, does not seem possible. Its claimed that by taking genes from two honest parents, the offspring would be honest. Honesty, trustworthiness, kindness- all these traits that are considered in genetic enhancement- are not chromosomes that are installed into people. They are traits that a human develops over time and based on their surrounding. If people want children to develop these outstanding characteristics, genetic intervention is not the answer. The answer is again social engineering- teaching children to develop these traits through discipline and example (Walker 90). The concern with social engineering is that it would take a long time to see change (Holtug 140). Genetic engineering, however, is also going to take a while with many, many more risks and down sides. Genetic engineering only affects those people who can afford it while social engineering goes viral and is free to all. Scientists spending all this time and resources on genetic engineering could instead study how humans best respond to learning social responsibilities and then implementing effective curriculum into schools, organizations, and families. After all, if social engineering is improved upon, these traits will be passed to future generations through parenting in the most natural, nurturing way. An overview of genetic engineering displays many useful, practical techniques to improve upon aspects of this earth. When it comes to human genetic modification, however, there must be a clear establishment between treatment and enhancement and individuals must stand up against enhancement and instead encourage and practice positive social engineering.

Essay --

Morocco Marketing Organizations The Moroccan National Tourist Office, abbreviated as MNTO, is the primary tourism and marketing organization for the country. Their mission statement aims to ensure strength for Morocco as a tourist destination, therefore translating the positive results for the economy and society and preservation of their culture. They also state that they want to entertain internal tourists as well as foreign tourists visiting Morocco and by doing so enticing them to visit for longer periods of time and visit several destinations. Their website is visitmorocoo.com and their local office is in Dusselforf, Morocco (Morocco National Tourist Office). The tourist office is also a part of ANTOR, http://www.antor.com/ which is the principal lobbying organization for tourist offices around the world. ANTOR is a place that brings all the tourism information together into one, being a very important place to be a member of for destinations such as Morocco due to the competition it faces (ANTOR). T here is also a Ministry of Tourism for Morocco, and can be found online at www.tourisme.gov.ma. The page is in French but can be translated to English using Google Chrome or another internet browser. This website is not really for tourists themselves; instead it focuses more on how tourism can be sustainable in Morocco and goes into depth about things such as Vision 2020, job opportunities involving tourism, tourism figures, and tourism partnerships and seminars (Morocco Ministry of Tourism). The MNTO’s website is set up in attempt to get people to use their â€Å"My Morocco† function. This is a system that tourists interested in possibly visiting Morocco can use to see more of what the country has to offer. Users create... ... recommended to dress conservative when in rural areas with areas of the body from the knee to the elbows all covered. As long as these areas are covered, the locals openly invite other cultures and languages. Environmental Sustainability Since a large pull factor for tourist to Morocco is the great diversity of Nature the location has, environmental sustainability is crucial to tourism sustainability. The people and cities of Morocco treat their surroundings with care. The city of Ifran in Morocco landed at #2 in â€Å"The 12 Cleanest Cities in the World†, a ranking recently published by International Headline website MBC Times. A big reason for this is that there is no industry in this city, making the air quality superior to others. National Parks are very popular in the area, having many lakes, streams, waterfalls, and a large maple tree forest (MBC Times).

Madness and Insanity in Shakespeares Hamlet - The Pretended Madness of Hamlet :: Essays on Shakespeare Hamlet

The Pretended Madness of Hamlet Hamlet, knowing that he will get into difficulty, needs to feign madness for the purpose of carrying out his mission. He rehearses his pretended madnesss first with Ophelia, for even if he should fail there in his act of simulation, that failure will not cause him any real harm. The manifestations of insanity that Hamlet will show become predictable - a sure sign that it is a simulated and not a real insanity. When Hamlet is with a trustworthy friend, he is rational and symptom-free; as soon as those persons appear, however, whom he wants to convince that he is mad, he changes his behavior so as to implant different explanations in their minds for his noticeable irrational behavior. With Rosencrantz and Guildenstern, he makes believe that the reason for it is frustrated ambition; with the Queen and King, that it is their marriage that has upset him; and with Polonius and Ophelia, that it is frustrated love that has driven him mad. These rapid and clumsy changes from rational speech with those he trusts to irrational conversation with those whom he wishes to impress are strong evidence of fraud. In a character profile which I read by Max Huhner who has published several literary essays, Huhner reduces the problem of Hamlet to one factor, of the sort that Freud conceptualized as "secondary gain in mental disease." Hamlet, says Huhner, "could not hold his tongue or keep a secret, and was therefore entirely unfitted for diplomatic work. In a sense his feigning insanity was his sole avenue of safety." It is along these same lines that I have tried to prove the reasonableness of Hamlet's cruel dealings with Rosencrantz and Guildenstern, justifying on grounds of practical necessity and the desire to avoid risks the fact Hamlet arranged their execution without heir having had a chance to receive the assistance of the Church. I could summarize my own character analysis of Hamlet as essentially a picture of an impractical man, who has nevertheless proceeded with optimal effect under existing external and internal conditions.

Foundation’s Edge CHAPTER NINE HYPERSPACE

HYPERSPACE Trevize said, â€Å"Are you ready, Janov?† Pelorat looked up from the book he was viewing and said, â€Å"You mean, for the jump, old fellow?† â€Å"For the hyperspatial jump. Yes.† Pelorat swallowed. â€Å"Now, you're sure that it will be in no way uncomfortable. I know it is a silly thing to fear, but the thought of having myself reduced to incorporeal tachyons, which no one has ever seen or detected†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"Come, Janov, it's a perfected thing. Upon my honor! The jump has been in use for twenty-two thousand years, as you explained, and I've never beard of a single fatality in hyperspace. We might come out of hyperspace in an uncomfortable place, but then the accident would happen in space – not while we are composed of tachyons.† â€Å"Small consolation, it seems to me.† â€Å"We won't come out in error, either. To tell you the truth, I was thinking of carrying it through without telling you, so that you would never know it had happened. On the whole, though, I felt it would be better if you experienced it consciously, saw that it was no problem of any kind, and could forget it totally henceforward.† â€Å"Well † said Pelorat dubiously. â€Å"I suppose you're right, but ‘honestly I'm in no hurry.† â€Å"I assure you†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"No no, old fellow, I accept your assurances unequivocally. It's just that – Did you ever read Sanertestil Matt?† â€Å"Of course. I'm not illiterate.† â€Å"Certainly. Certainly. I should not have asked. Do you remember it?† â€Å"Neither am I an amnesiac.† â€Å"I seem to have a talent for offending. All I mean is that I keep thinking of the scenes where Santerestil and his friend, Ban, have gotten away from Planet 17 and are lost in space. I think of those perfectly hypnotic scenes among the stars, lazily moving along in deep silence, in changelessness, in†¦ Never believed it, you know. I loved it and I was moved by it, but I never really believed it. But now – after I got used to just the notion of being in space, I'm experiencing it and – it's silly, I know – but I don't want to give it up. It's as though I'm Santerestil†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"And I'm Ban,† said Trevize with just an edge of impatience. â€Å"In a way. The small scattering of dim stars out there are motionless, except our sun, of course, which must be shrinking but which we don't see. The Galaxy retains its dim majesty, unchanging. Space is silent and I have no distractions†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"Except me.† â€Å"Except you. – But then, Golan, dear chap, talking to you about Earth and trying to teach you a bit of prehistory has its pleasures, too. I don't want that to come to an end, either.† â€Å"It won't. Not immediately, at any rate. You don't suppose we'll take the jump and come through on the surface of a planet, do you? We'll still be in space and the jump will have taken no measurable time at ail. It may well be a week before we make surface of any kind, so do relax.† â€Å"By surface, you surely don't mean Gaia. We may be nowhere near Gaia when we come out of the jump.† â€Å"I know that, Janov, but we'll be in the right sector, if your information is correct. If it isn't – well†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Pelorat shook his head glumly. â€Å"How will being in the right sector help if we don't know Gaia's co-ordinates?† Trevize said, â€Å"Janov, suppose you were on Terminus, heading for the town of Argyropol, and you didn't know where that town was except that it was somewhere on the isthmus. Once you were on the isthmus, what would you do?† Pelorat waited cautiously, as though feeling there must be a terribly sophisticated answer expected of him. Finally giving up, he said, â€Å"I suppose I'd ask somebody.† â€Å"Exactly! What else is there to do? – Now, are you ready?† â€Å"You mean, now?† Pelorat scrambled to his feet, his pleasantly unemotional face coming as near as it might to a look of concern. â€Å"What am I supposed to do? Sit? Stand? What?† â€Å"Time and Space, Pelorat, you don't do anything. Just come with me to my room so I can use the computer, then sit or stand or turn cartwheels – whatever will make you most comfortable. My suggestion is that you sit before the viewscreen and watch it. It's sure to be interesting. Come!† They stepped along the short corridor to Trevize's room and he seated himself at the computer. â€Å"Would you like to do this, Janov?† he asked suddenly. â€Å"I'll give you the figures and all you do is think them. The computer will do the rest.† Pelorat said, â€Å"No thank you. The computer doesn't work well with me, somehow. I know you say I just need practice, but I don't believe that. There's something about your mind, Golan†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"Don't be foolish.† â€Å"No no. That computer just seems to fit you. You and it seem to be a single organism when you're hooked up. When I'm hooked up, there are two objects involved – Janov Pelorat and a computer. It's just not the same.† â€Å"Ridiculous,† said Trevize, but he was vaguely pleased at the thought and stroked the hand-rests of the computer with loving fingertips. â€Å"So I'd rather watch,† said Pelorat. â€Å"I mean, I'd rather it didn't happen at all, but as long as it will, I'd rather watch.† He fixed . his eyes anxiously on the viewscreen and on the foggy Galaxy with the thin powdering of dim stars in the foreground. â€Å"Let me know when it's about to happen.† Slowly he backed against the wall and braced himself. Trevize smiled. He placed his hands on the rests and felt the mental union. It came more easily day by day, and more intimately, too, and however he might scoff at what Pelorat said – he actually felt it. It seemed to him he scarcely needed to think of the co-ordinates in any conscious way. It almost seemed the computer knew what he wanted, without the conscious process of â€Å"telling.† It lifted the information out of his brain for itself. But Trevize â€Å"told† it and then asked for a two-minute interval before the jump. â€Å"All right, Janov. We have two minutes: 120 – 115 – 110 Just watch the viewscreen.† Pelorat did, with a slight tightness about the corners of his mouth and with a holding of his breath. Trevize said softly, â€Å"15 – 10 – 5 – 4 – 3 – 2 – 1 – 0† With no perceptible motion, no perceptible sensation, the view on the screen changed. There was a distinct thickening of the starfield and the Galaxy vanished. Pelorat started and said, â€Å"Was that it?† â€Å"Was what it? You flinched. But that was your fault. You felt nothing. Admit it.† â€Å"I admit it.† â€Å"Then that's it. Way back when hyperspatial travel was relatively new – according to the books, anyway – there would be a queer internal sensation and some people felt dizziness or nausea. It was perhaps psychogenic, perhaps not. In any case, with more and more experience with hyperspatiality and with better equipment, that decreased. With a computer like the one on board this vessel, any effect is well below the threshold of sensation. At least, I find it so.† â€Å"And I do, too, I must admit. Where are we, Golan?† â€Å"Just a step forward. In the Kalganian region. There's a long way to go yet and before we make another move, we'll have to check the accuracy of the jump.† â€Å"What bothers me is – where's the Galaxy?† â€Å"All around us, Janov. We're weal inside it, now. If we focus the viewscreen properly, we can see the more distant parts of it as a luminous band across the sky.† â€Å"The Milky Way!† Pelorat cried out joyfully. â€Å"Almost every world describes it in their sky, but it's something we don't see on Terminus. Show it to me, old fellow!† The viewscreen tilted, giving the effect of a swimming of the starfield across it, and then there was a thick, pearly luminosity nearly filling the field. The screen followed it around, as it thinned, then swelled again. Trevize said, â€Å"It's thicker in the direction of the center of the Galaxy. Not as thick or as bright as it might be, however, because of the dark clouds in the spiral arms. You see something like this from most inhabited worlds.† â€Å"And from Earth, too.† â€Å"That's no distinction. That would not be an identifying characteristic.† â€Å"Of course not. But you know. – You haven't studied the history of science, have you?† â€Å"Not really, though I've picked up some of it, naturally. Still, if you have questions to ask, don't expect me to be an expert.† â€Å"It's just that making this jump has put me in mind of something that has always puzzled me. It's possible to work out a description of the Universe in which hyperspatial travel is impossible and in which the speed of light traveling through a vacuum is the absolute maximum where speed is concerned.† â€Å"Certainly.† â€Å"Under those conditions, the geometry of the Universe is such that it is impossible to make the trip we have just undertaken in less time than a ray of light would make it. And if we did it at the speed of light, our experience of duration would not match that of the Universe generally. If this spot is, say, forty parsecs from Terminus, then if we had gotten here at the speed of light, we would have felt no time lapse – but on Terminus and in the entire Galaxy, about a hundred and thirty years would have passed. Now we have made a trip, not at the speed of light but at thousands of times the speed of light actually, and there has been no time advance anywhere. At least, I hope not.† Trevize said, â€Å"Don't expect me to give you the mathematics of the Olanjen Hyperspatial Theory to you. All I can say is that if you had traveled at the speed of light within normal space, time would indeed have advanced at the rate of 3.26 years per parsec, as you described. The so-called relativistic Universe, which humanity has understood as far back as we can probe inter prehistory – though that's your department, I think – remains, and its laws have not been repealed. In our hyperspatial jumps, however, we do something out side the conditions under which relativity operates and the rules are different. Hyperspatially the Galaxy is a tiny object – ideally a nondimensional dot – and there are no relativistic effects at all. â€Å"In fact, in the mathematical formulations of cosmology, there are two symbols for the Galaxy: Gr for the â€Å"relativistic Galaxy,† where the speed of light is a maximum, and Gh for the â€Å"hyperspatial Galaxy,† where speed does not really have a meaning. Hyperspatially the value of all speed is zero and we do not move with reference to space itself, speed is infinite. I can't explain things a bit more than that. â€Å"Oh, except that one of the beautiful catches in theoretical physics is to place a symbol or a value that has meaning in Gr into an equation dealing with G11 – or vice versa – and leave it there for a student to deal with. The chances are enormous that the student falls into the trap and generally remains there, sweating and panting, with nothing seeming to work, till some kindly elder helps him out. I was neatly caught that way, once.† Pelorat considered that gravely for a while, then said in a perplexed sort of way, â€Å"But which is the true Galaxy?† â€Å"Either, depending on what you're doing. If you're back on Terminus, you can use a car to cover distance on land and a ship to cover distance across the sea. Conditions are different in every way, so which is the true Terminus, the land or the sea?† Pelorat nodded. â€Å"Analogies are always risky,† he said, â€Å"but I'd rather accept that one than risk my sanity by thinking about hyperspace any further. I'll concentrate on what we're doing now.† â€Å"Look upon what we just did,† said Trevize, â€Å"as our first stop toward Earth.† And, he thought to himself, toward what else, I wonder. â€Å"Well,† said Trevize. â€Å"I've wasted a day.† â€Å"Oh?† Pelorat looked up from his careful indexing. â€Å"In what way?† Trevize spread his arms. â€Å"I didn't trust the computer. I didn't dare to, so I checked our present position with the position we had aimed at in the jump. The difference was not measurable. There was no detectable error.† â€Å"That's good, isn't it?† â€Å"It's more than good. It's unbelievable. I've never heard of such a thing. I've gone through jumps and I've directed them, in all kinds of ways and with all kinds of devices. In school, I had to work one out with a hand computer and then I sent off a hyper-relay to check results. Naturally I couldn't send a real ship, since – aside from the expense – I could easily have placed it in the middle of a star at the other end. â€Å"I never did anything that bad, of course,† Trevize went on, â€Å"but there would always be a sizable error. There's always some error, even with experts. There's got to be, since there are so many variables. Put it this way – the geometry of space is too complicated to handle and hyperspace compounds all those complications with a complexity of its own that we can't even pretend to understand. That's why we have to go by steps, instead of making one big jump from here to Sayshell. The errors would grow worse with distance.† Pelorat said, â€Å"But you said this computer didn't make an error.† â€Å"It said it didn't make an error. I directed it to check our actual position with our precalculated position – ‘what is' against ‘what was asked for.' It said that the two were identical within its limits of measurement and I thought: What if it's lying?† Until that moment, Pelorat had held his printer in his hand. He now put it down and looked shaken. â€Å"Are you joking? A computer can't lie. Unless you mean you thought it might be out of order.† â€Å"No, that's not what I thought. Space! I thought it was lying. This computer is so advanced I can't think of it as anything but human – superhuman, maybe. Human enough to have pride – and to lie, perhaps. I gave it directions – to work out a course through hyperspace to a position near Sayshell Planet, the capital of the Sayshell Union. It did, and charted a course in twenty-nine steps, which is arrogance of the worst sort.† â€Å"Why arrogance?† â€Å"The error in the first jump makes the second jump that much less certain, and the added error then makes the third jump pretty wobbly and untrustworthy, and so on. How do you calculate twenty-nine steps all at once? The twenty-ninth could end up anywhere in the Galaxy, anywhere at all. So I directed it to make the first step only. Then we could check that before proceeding.† â€Å"The cautious approach,† said Pelorat warmly. â€Å"I approve!† â€Å"Yes, but having made the first step, might the computer not feel wounded at my having mistrusted it? Would it then be forced to salve its pride by telling me there was no error at all when I asked it? Would it find it impossible to admit a mistake, to own up to imperfection? If that were so, we might as well not have a computer.† Pelorat's long and gentle face saddened. â€Å"What can we do in that case, Golan?† â€Å"We can do what I did – waste a day. I checked the position of several of the surrounding stars by the most primitive possible methods: telescopic observation, photography, and manual measurement. I compared each actual position with the position expected if there had been no error. The work of it took me all day and wore me down to nothing.† â€Å"Yes, but what happened?† â€Å"I found two whopping errors and checked them over and found them in my calculations. I had made the mistakes myself. I corrected the calculations, then ran them through the computer from scratch – just to see if it would come up with the same answers independently. Except that it worked them out to several more decimal places, it turned out that my figures were right and they showed that the computer had made no errors. The computer may be an arrogant son-of-the-Mule, but it's got something to be arrogant about.† Pelorat exhaled a long breath. â€Å"Well, that's good.† â€Å"Yes indeed! So I'm going to let it take the other twenty-eight steps.† â€Å"All at once? But†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"Not all at once. Don't worry. I haven't become a daredevil just yet. It will do them one after the other – but after each step it will check the surroundings and, if that is where it is supposed to be within tolerable limits, it can take the next one. Any time it finds the error too great – and, believe me, I didn't set the limits generously at all – it will have to stop and recalculate the remaining steps.† â€Å"When are you going to do this?† â€Å"When? Right now. – Look, you're working on indexing your Library†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"Oh, but this is the chance to do it, Golan. I've been meaning to do it for years, but something always seemed to get in the way.† â€Å"I have no objections. You go on and do it and don't worry. Concentrate on the indexing. I'll take care of everything else.† Pelorat shook his head. â€Å"Don't be foolish. I can't relax till this is over. I'm scared stiff.† â€Å"I shouldn't have told you, then – but I had to tell someone and you're the only one here. Let me explain frankly. There's always the chance that we'll come to rest in a perfect position in interstellar space and that that will happen to be the precise position which a speeding meteoroid is occupying, or a mini-black hole, and the ship is wrecked, and ;we're dead. Such things could – in theory – happen. â€Å"The chances are very small, however. After all, you could be at home, Janov – in your study and working on your films or in your bed sleeping – and a meteroid could be streaking toward you through Terminus's atmosphere and hit you right in the head and you'd be dead. But the chances are small. â€Å"In fact, the chance of intersecting the path of something fatal, but too small for the computer to know about, in the course of a hyperspatial jump is far, far smaller than that of berg hit by a meteor in your home. I've never heard of a ship being lost that way in all the history of hyperspatial travel. Any other type of risk – like ending in the middle of a star – is even smaller.† Pelorat said, â€Å"Then why do you tell me all this, Golan?† Trevize paused, then bent his head in thought, and finally said, â€Å"I don't know. – Yes, I do. What I suppose it is, is that however small the chance of catastrophe might be, if enough people take enough chances, the catastrophe must happen eventually. No matter how sure I am that nothing will go wrong, there's a small nagging voice inside me that says, ‘Maybe it will happen this time.' And it makes me feel guilty. – I guess that's it. Janov, if something goes wrong, forgive me!† â€Å"But Golan, my dear chap, if something goes wrong, we will both be dead instantly. I will not be able to forgive, nor you to receive forgiveness.† â€Å"I understand that, so forgive me now, will you?† Pelorat smiled. â€Å"I don't know why, but this cheers me up. There's something pleasantly humorous about it. Of course, Golan, I'll forgive you. There are plenty of myths about some form of afterlife in world literature and if there should happen to be such a place – about the same chance as landing on a mini-black hole, I suppose, or less – and we both turn up in the same one, then I will bear witness that you did your honest best and that my death should not be laid at your door.† â€Å"Thank you! Now I'm relieved. I'm willing to take my chance, but I did not enjoy the thought of you taking my chance as well.† Pelorat wrung the other's hand. â€Å"You know, Golan, I've only known you less than a week and I suppose I shouldn't make hasty judgments in these matters, but I think you're an excellent chap. – And now let's do it and get it over with.† â€Å"Absolutely! All I have to do is touch that little contact. The computer has its instructions and it's just waiting for me to say: ‘Starts' Would you like to†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"Never! It's all yours? It's your computer.† â€Å"Very well. And it's my responsibility. I'm still trying to duck it, you see. Keep your eye on the screen!† With a remarkably steady hand and with his smile looking utterly genuine, Trevize made contact. There was a momentary pause and then the starfield changed – and again – and again. The stars spread steadily thicker and brighter over the viewscreen. Pelorat was counting under his breath. At â€Å"15† there was a halt, as though some piece of apparatus had jammed. Pelorat whispered, clearly afraid that any noise might jar the mechanism fatally. â€Å"What's wrong? What's happened?† Trevize shrugged. â€Å"I imagine it's recalculating. Some object in space is adding a perceptible bump to the general shape of the overall gravitational field – some object not taken into account – some uncharted dwarf star or rogue planet†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"Dangerous?† â€Å"Since we're still alive, it's almost certainly not dangerous. A planet could be a hundred million kilometers away and still introduce a large enough gravitational modification to require recalculation. A dwarf star could be ten billion kilometers away and†¦Ã¢â‚¬  The screen shifted again and Trevize fell silent. It shifted again – and again. – Finally, when Pelorat said, â€Å"a8,† there was no further motion. Trevize consulted the computer. â€Å"We're here,† he said. â€Å"I counted the first jump as ‘r.' and in this series I started with ‘z' That's twenty-eight jumps altogether. You said twenty-nine.† â€Å"The recalculation at jump is probably saved us one jump. I can check with the computer if you wish, but there's really no need. We're in the vicinity of Sayshell Planet. The computer says so and I don't doubt it. If I were to orient the screen properly, we'd see a nice, bright sun, but there's no point in placing a needless strain on its screening capacity. SaysheIl Planet is the fourth one out and it's about 3.2 million kilometers away from our present position, which is about as close as we want to be at a jump conclusion. We can get there in three days – two, if we hurry.† Trevize drew a deep breath and tried to let the tension drain. â€Å"Do you realize what this means, Janov?† he said. â€Å"Every ship I've ever been in – or heard of – would have made those jumps with at least a day in between for painstaking calculation and re-checking, even with a computer. The trip would have taken nearly a month. â€Å"Or perhaps two or three weeks, if they were willing to be reckless about it. We did it in half an hour. When every ship is equipped with a computer like this one†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Pelorat said, â€Å"I wonder why the Mayor' let us have a ship this advanced. It must be incredibly expensive.† â€Å"It's experimental,† said Trevize dryly. â€Å"Maybe fine good woman was perfectly willing to have us try it out and see what deficiencies might develop.† â€Å"Are you serious?† â€Å"Don't get nervous. After all, there's nothing to worry about. We haven't found any deficiencies. I wouldn't put it past her, though. Such a thing would put no great strain on her sense of humanity. Besides, she hasn't trusted us with offensive weapons and that cuts the expense considerably.† Pelorat said thoughtfully, â€Å"It's the computer I'm thinking about. It seems to be adjusted so well for you – and it can't be adjusted that well for everyone. It just barely works with me.† â€Å"So much the better for us, that it works so well with one of us.† â€Å"Yes, but is that merely chance?† â€Å"What else, Janov?† â€Å"Surely the Mayor knows you pretty well.† â€Å"I think she does, the old battlecraft.† â€Å"Might she not have had a computer designed particularly for you?† â€Å"I just wonder if we're not going where the computer wants to take us.† Trevize stared. â€Å"You mean that while I'm connected to the computer, it is the computer – and not me – who is in real charge?† â€Å"I just wonder.† â€Å"That is ridiculous. Paranoid. Come on, Janov.† Trevize turned back to the computer to focus Sayshell Planet on the screen and to plot a normal-space course to it. Ridiculous! But why had Pelorat put the notion into his head?

Assignment Budget and Policy Paper Essay

 · DUI task forces  · Plea bargaining  · Offender reentry/integration  · Victim assistance  · Immigration  · War on drugs  · War on terrorism Prepare a 1,400-1,750-word paper in which you summarize the goals in the criminal justice system that your selected policy attempts to achieve. Additionally, analyze the effective and ineffective initiatives associated with your selected policy, as well as any historical significance that may have impact. When you enter college, one of the first things that you should do is get a part time job. There are going to be a lot of hours that are available during the day, as this can help you increase your income. A job will pay its dividends and will reduce your worries when you are out having fun. This paperwork contains CJA 464 Week 4 Learning Team Assignment Budget and Policy Paper Law – General Law Select a policy issue from the following list:  · DUI task forces  · Plea bargaining  · Offender reentry/integration  · Victim assistance  · Immigration  · War on drugs  · War on terrorism Prepare a 1,400-1,750-word paper in which you summarize the goals in the criminal justice system that your selected policy attempts to achieve. Additionally, analyze the effective and ineffective initiatives associated with your selected policy, as well as any historical significance that may have impact. When you enter college, one of the first things that you should do is get a part time job. There are going to be a lot of hours that are available during the day, as this can help you increase your income. A job will pay its dividends and will reduce your worries when you ar†¦ For downloading more tutorials visit – https://bitly.com/12BpF7H When you enter college, one of the first things that you should do is get a part time job. There are going to be a lot of hours that are available during the day, as this can help you increase your income. A job will pay its dividends and will reduce your worries when you are out having fun. Law – General Law Select a policy issue from the following list:  · DUI task forces  · Plea bargaining  · Offender reentry/integration  · Victim assistance  · Immigration  · War on drugs  · War on terrorism Prepare a 1,400-1,750-word paper in which you summarize the goals in the criminal justice system that your selected policy attempts to achieve. Additionally, analyze the effective and ineffective initiatives associated with your selected policy, as well as any historical significance that may have impact.

Research Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 17

Research - Essay Example Activities such as data collection, analysis, and communication of results that are associated with a potential to shift power or structural balance, are therefore prone to communication of a researcher’s political opinion or those of other parties. As a result, an action researcher ought to be tactical in order to achieve the research’s objectives. A good tactical approach ensures that all stakeholders in the research are managed for acceptance and implementation of the research findings. The researcher should therefore be an influential leader who facilitates an understanding between himself and stakeholders to the research as well as the relationships among the stakeholders. Some of the ways of achieving the two types of relationships are understanding the involved stakeholders, avoiding controversies with them, building relationships with them and knowing the type of information to discuss with them and what to reserve. A researcher’s ‘self-awarenessâ⠂¬â„¢ and how other stakeholders view the researcher is also important in managing the relationships (Brannick and Coghlan, 2009). The scope of action research and its potential impacts on stakeholders also elicits ethical considerations for observance of â€Å"democracies, justice, freedom, and participation† (Brannick and Coghlan, 2009, p. 132). Such ethics relies on pillars of â€Å"interdependency, cogeneration of knowledge and fairer power relations† (Brannick and Coghlan, 2009, p. 133) and varies with the level of research. In action research for example, the researcher is expected to incorporate participants right from the planning stage and ethical considerations extends to the entire community in which the research is conducted. Higher levels of research demands higher scopes of ethical considerations. Action research particularly involves ethical principles such as â€Å"confidentiality and anonymity,† informed consent, and beneficence that can only be

Management accounting system Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Management accounting system - Essay Example A cost management system for Skytop would provide information to make life easier for all involved.Cost accounting system will assign costs (costing) to specific products (meals, room per night, gaming machine round, etc.) and services (cleaning, room service, meal preparation, etc.) and other cost objects as identified by management. This in-turn will satisfy the financial reporting requirements then management decision-making essentials. For example the General Manager gets to know the actual cost of a room to make the pricing decision; the HR Manager is informed of the actual cost of each staff (salary, benefits, etc.) for HR related decisions; the Marketing Manager would be able to find out actual profit (revenue from the campaign minus the actual cost of the campaign) generated by a specific marketing campaign; the respected owners will be informed of the actual cost of keeping a hotel and would be able to make related decisions. Operational control system on the other hand will provide accurate and timely feedback concerning performance; the activities that should be performed and evaluation of those activities (controlling). Furthermore it concentrates on finding scope for improvement and aids in the planning process. In other words helps planning realistic budgets (uses information from cost accounting system as well) and accordingly enables performance control. For instant all managers will be able to compare budgeted costs to actual costs, understand the difference and thereby use the information to find means of improvement e.g. cost cutting, hire new staff, changing the menu policy, etc. The owners too can conduct performance evaluations of the management, measure actual return on investment and assess hotel’s growth in financial and non-financial terms. b) Type of information required For efficient function of the system the management will be required to gather variety of information both fina ncial and non-financial. The sources of this information could be from both internal (within the company) and external sources (external environment for comparison purposes). The internal information from within the company which are financial such as cash flows, labor charges, material costs etc Also non-financial information such as time records (labor hours, meal preparation time), stock levels, quality measures, customer feedback ratings, etc. The external information from the environment would typically include global competition, growth of the hotel industry, advances in information technology, advances in the food preparation, customer orientations, new product development, total quality management, time as a competitive element, and efficiency. Depending on the budgetary control system and the reporting system that is used these information would be required regularly on daily, weekly, monthly and even yearly basis. c) Key cost drivers A cost driver is an activity or factor that originates costs. Activity based costing which is considered to be the most realistic and accurate method of costing requires identification of cost drivers. Thus, ‘Number of rooms’ night’ and ‘number of stays’ is two of the key cost drivers that are widely used in the hotel industry (Pavlatos & Paggios,